Irregularly flaky or bladdery, 1~1.5 cm long and 0.5~1 cm wide. Externally purplish-red to purplish-black, shrunken, lustrous. Sometimes with a rounded scar of persistent calyx at the apex and a scar of fruit stalk at the base. Texture soft. Odour, slight; taste, sour, astringent and slightly bitter.

Dizziness, tinnitus, soreness in the loins and knees, impotence, seminal emission, enuresis, frequency of urination, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis and leucorrhea; collapse with profuse sweating; diabetes.

1. Tonifying the liver and kidney, controlling seminal emission and reducing urination

In treating impotence, seminal emission, lassitude of the low back, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, frequent micturition, etc. due to deficiency of the liver and kidney, the drug is often used in combination with Fructus Psoraleae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, etc.

2. Controlling menstruation and arresting bleeding

In treating menorrhea, metrostaxis, etc. due to weak physiques, the drug is often used in combination with Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae, Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisetus, Radix Rubiae, etc.

3. Arresting sweating and preventing collapes

In treating collapse after profuse sweating or after longlasting diseases, the drug can be used in combination with Radix Codomopsis Pilosulae, Os Draconis, Concha Ostreae, etc.